Review Article
Year: 2020 | Month: July-September | Volume: 5 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 16-21
A Systematic Review of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) and COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019): The Pandemic
Hemant Bareth, Md Nematullah, Keshav Sharma, Ranjeet Kumar
Department of Pharmacy Practice, NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur- 303121
Corresponding Author: Hemant Bareth
ABSTRACT
The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) disease (COVID-19) in China has caused a large global outbreak at the end of 2019 and now it is a major public health issue worldwide. On 30 January 2020, the world health organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a pandemic. After the analysis of cases and virus genetics, it was identified that the 2019 novel coronavirus is the cause of the outbreak. The mode of transmission of the virus is human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact; it has also been observed that this virus can show its effect even after 14 days. As of 14 June 2020, the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the lives of 7.7 million people globally. Social distancing and isolation remain the most effective measure for containment of COVID-19. Among patients infected with COVID-19, fever and cough are the main symptoms followed by breathlessness. It has been also observed in various countries that some patients are asymptomatic with the infection. In various diagnosing investigations, it was noticed that this virus primarily affects the lungs in the body. Unnecessary use of different-different medications should be avoided because it can cause other major side effects that can be life-threatening. It was suggested that asymptomatic and mild to moderate symptomatic patients require symptomatic treatment with early supportive management. It consists of the use of acetaminophen, nutritional supplement, and antibacterial therapy. Severely ill patients require high oxygen flow, convalescent plasma, glucocorticoid therapy. This review provides updated information about the SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 that there is no specific drug or vaccine is discovered which can treat this respiratory illness (till June 2020).
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, WHO